Vaccination coverage and associated factors of rural children under 7 years old in Ningxia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the vaccination coverage and associated factors among children under 7 years old in rural areas of Ningxia in 2019, so as to provide a basis for better immunization plans and corresponding strategies in this region.@*Methods@#A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 1 144 children under 7 years old and their families in three rural counties of Ningxia. Demographic information, as well as primary and secondary immunization was investigated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the relevant factors.@*Results@#In Ningxia, the coverage rate of primary vaccines for children under 7 years of age for hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine and dpt vaccine was above 95%, polio vaccine 83.7%, measles vaccine 38.6%, "five vaccines" 33.8%, and the coverage rate of secondary vaccines was only 4.9%. There were statistically significant differences in the total vaccination rates of "five seedlings" in different ages, per capita annual income of different families, and whether they had received a health examination in the past year (χ2=33.60,13.17,29.96,P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the vaccination rates of secondary vaccines among different age groups, different inoculation units and whether received a physical examination in the last year (χ2=18.58, 8.45, 60.04, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the age of children and whether received physical examination in the last year were the relevant factors affecting the total inoculation of five seedlings(P<0.05). Age of children and inoculation unit were the relevant influencing factors affecting the secondary immunization(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The primary vaccination rate for children under the age of 7 in rural areas of Ningxia is kept at a high level, but the secondary vaccination rate is relatively low. It is suggested to strengthen publicity and education and establish effective mechanisms to improve the vaccination rate and protect the health of children in rural areas.

Overview of standardized training programme for clinical application and quality control of pulmonary function testing in China / 中国实用内科杂志

Pulmonary function testing(PFT) is an appropriate technique for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic airway diseases. In 2015, the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases launched the national standardized training and assessment programme on clinical application and quality control of PFT. There are four steps for the overall programme. The first step is to establish the standard and outline of standardized training for PFT. The second step is to carry out standardized training based on the established standard and outline. The third step is to conduct post-training assessment, evaluate the training effect, and certify the trainees who master the training content. The last step is to carry out quality control in those who have obtained the certification,and evaluate the application of training content in clinical practice. With the progress of the programme, clinicians' awareness of the importance of PFT will be increased, physicians' and techinicians' operate on skills and clinical application abilities of PFT will be promoted, while the qualities of PFT in China will be improved. It will be of great significance to the construction of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine(PCCM).

Demand for health care service and associated factors in rural children under 7 years old of Ningxia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This paper aims to understand demands for health care service demand and associated factors among children under 7 years old in rural areas of Ningxia,and to provide the statistical support for changing the hygiene resources mode and public hygiene admistration.@*Methods@#Data of 12 887 children selected from Rural Residents Family Health Survey in five counties of Ningxia (Haiyuan, Yanchi, Tongxin, Pengyang and Xiji) in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 were collected. Demand for health care service and associated factors of children under 7 years old were analyzed through univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression in SPSS 23.0.@*Results@#Demand for health care services among children under 7 years old in rural areas of Ningxia was relatively high. Univariate analysis showed that children with different distances from medical institutions, family size and family income status showed significantly different rates of two-week sickness visits(χ2=6.56,6.81,29.52,P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children with older age, large family population, low level of family income and long-term parental employment outside the home may be the risk factors for children under 7 years of age to see a doctor(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Physical accessibility,family income and parental employment outside the home for a long period are the main factors affecting demand for health care services for children in this area,the government should continue to improve the conditions of primary health facilities, adjust macro health policies, and promote the good and rapid development of child health in this area.

Dynamic changes of flavonoids in Actinidia valvata leaves at different growing stages measured by HPLC-MS/MS / 中国天然药物

Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites havinga wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. Quantitative analysis of flavonoid profiles in the genus Actinidia, which has not been intensively conducted, is useful to a better understanding of the pattern and distribution of flavonoids. In the present work, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to profile the flavonoids, which was then used to determine the dynamic change of 17 biologically active flavonoids in the leaves of Actinidia valvata at the main growing stages, including glucuronides and acylated di- and triglycosides of flavonoids. The contents of flavonoid triglycosides were significantly higher than other flavonoids. The highest concentrations of kaemperol glycosides were observed in June, while other flavonoids showed highest concentrations in October. On the other hand, the contents of four isorhamnetin glycosides were increased sharply in September to October. The flavonoid profiles seem to be related to temperature, UV-B, and water deficit. Further studies are required to examine the functions of flavonoids in the Actinidia valvata and the underlying molecular mechanisms of actions.

miR-125b promotes proliferation of human acute myeloid leukemia cells by targeting Bak1 / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate miR- 125b regulation mechanism by identifying miR-125b target genes and its function in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bioinformatics software and database were applied to predict and analyze target genes of miR-125b. The vector contained the target gene 3'-UTR portion cloned into a luciferase reporter construct. A luciferase reporter assay was performed following co-transfection of small molecular miR-125b mimics and target gene wild-type or mutant plasmid into HEK-293T cells. Further in leukemia cell lines NB4 and HL-60, the protein level of target gene was measured by Western blot after overexpression miR-125b. Finally, the viabilities of NB4 and HL-60 cells were measured by CCK-8 assay at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h after electroporation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bcl-2-antagonist/killer 1 (Bak1), a pro-apoptotic gene, was a target gene of miR-125b by software predicts. Reporter vector containing the 3'-UTR Bak1 wild and mutation sites were co-transfected with small molecule analogues of miR-125b in HEK-293T cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay system showed that miR-125b significantly suppresses the reporter gene activity containing Bak1 3'-UTR by about 53.8% (P<0.05), but it didn't suppresses the reporter gene activity containing 3'-UTR Bak1 mutation. Western blot showed that miR-125b mimics significantly down-regulated the expression of Bak1 in human leukemia cell lines NB4 and HL-60. Meanwhile, the growth rate of cells treated with miR-125b obviously increased compared with that in control by CCK-8 test (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings strongly indicated that BAK1 was a downstream target gene of miR-125b, and miR-125b promoted proliferation in human AML cells at least partially by targeting Bak1, so we speculated that miR-125b as an oncogene could be a potential therapeutic target for treating AML.</p>

Intraoperative fluid management in open gastrointestinal surgery: goal-directed versus restrictive

OBJECTIVE: The optimal strategy for fluid management during gastrointestinal surgery remains unclear. Minimizing the variation in arterial pulse pressure, which is induced by mechanical ventilation, is a potential strategy to improve postoperative outcomes. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective, randomized study with lactated Ringer's solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. METHOD: A total of 60 patients who were undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were randomized into a restrictive lactated Ringer's group (n = 20), a goal-directed lactated Ringer's group (n = 20) and a goal-directed hydroxyethyl starch group (n = 20). The goal-directed fluid treatment was guided by pulse pressure variation, which was recorded during surgery using a simple manual method with a Datex Ohmeda S/5 Monitor and minimized to 11% or less by volume loading with either lactated Ringer's solution or 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (130/0.4). The postoperative flatus time, the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complications were recorded as endpoints. RESULTS: The goal-directed lactated Ringer's group received the greatest amount of total operative fluid compared with the two other groups. The flatus time and the length of hospital stay in the goal-directed hydroxyethyl starch group were shorter than those in the goal-directed lactated Ringer's group and the restrictive lactated Ringer's group. No significant differences were found in the postoperative complications among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Monitoring and minimizing pulse pressure variation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (130/0.4) loading during gastrointestinal surgery improves postoperative outcomes and decreases the discharge time of patients who are graded American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II.

Effects of multiwall carbon nano-onions on platelet aggregation and hemostatic function / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of multiwall carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs) on platelet aggregation and hemostatic function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The platelet aggregation was determined with Born's method at different concentration of MWCNOs (0, 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 microg/ml) in vitro. Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups which were exposed to 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg MWCNOs, respectively. Then platelet count, platelet aggregation, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), bleeding time (BT) and platelet count (PC) were measured at 12 h after receiving tail intravenous injection of MWCNOs. The effects of MWCNOs (4 mg/kg) on platelet aggregation and platelet count at different time points were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, MWCNOs exhibited the potent inhibitory effects on rat platelet aggregation caused by ADP in a concentration-dependent manner. The platelet aggregation in the highest dosage of 20.0 microg/ml group was 50.0% +/- 6.9% which was significantly lower than that (73.2% +/- 4.3%) in control group (P<0.01). In vivo, the highest inhibitory was up to 20.4%, but there was no significant difference, as compared with control group. MWCNOs did not affect the APTT, PT, TT, BT and PC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under this experimental condition, MWCNOs might inhibit platelet aggregation but not affect hemostatic function.</p>

Oxidative damage of single-walled carbon nanotubes in striaturn and hippocampi of mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the oxidative damage of SWCNTs in striaturn and hippocampi of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male ICR mice were divided into experiment group (12.5 mg/kg SWCNTs) and control group (saline containing 0.1% Tween80) randomly. Each group was subdivided into 1, 7, 14 and 28 days group, 5 mice in each subgroup, then treated with tail intravenous injection for 5 continuous days. The striatum and hippocampus were isolated on the ice bath and homogenized in saline. SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA in the supernatants were measured with xanthine oxidize, GSH consumption in enzymatic reaction and TBA methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After exposure to 12.5 mg/kg SWCNTs for 5 d, SOD activity in striaturn and hippocampi decreased on 1st day and reached the minimum on 7th day, then increased gradually. The SOD activity in the SWCNTs treatment groups on 7th day were significantly decreased when compared to control (P < 0.05). Comparison with control group, GSH-Px activity in striaturn obviously decreased on 7th day then increased on 14th day, the difference between 7th day and 14th day was significantly (P < 0.05). GHS-Px activity in the hippocampi in SWCNTs group on 7th day and 14th day was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), then increased to the level of control group on 28th day. MDA contents of striaturn and hippocampi in SWCNTs group reduced on 1st day, then gradually increased on 7th day and 14th day, then reduced, MDA contents on7th day and 14th day n SWCNTs group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of present study indicated that SWCNTs could decrease antioxidase activity and increase the Lipid peroxide in striaturn and hippocampi of mice.</p>

McCune-Albright syndrome: a difficult and complicated case study / 中国当代儿科杂志

McCune-Albright syndrome is a rare G proteins alpha disorder. The disorder is characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, sexual precocity and hyperpigmented macules. It is caused due to mutations in the gene Gsalpha that incodes the alpha subunit of the trimeric guanosine triphate-binding protein. There is no specific treatment for this syndrome. Treatment is generally symptomatic. This paper reported three cases of McCune-Albright syndrome and reviewed the relevant literatures regarding to the pathogenesis, pathological features, diagnosis and treatment. All three cases presented with a characteristic triad: polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, sexual precocity and hyperpigmented macules and were thus definitely diagnosed with McCune-Albright syndrome.

Twenty-One Cases of Type 1 Diabetes under 5 Years Old / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and emergency treatment for type 1 diabetes(T1DM) and diabetes ketoacidosis(DKA) in children under 5 years old.Methods Twenty-one children under 5 years old with T1DM with 10 years were retrospecti-vely reviewed.The onset situation,clinical feature and treatment of DKA were analyzed.Results The cases of little children diabetes might not have typical symptoms.The positivity of islet antibody was lower.High morbidity of DKA was found in little children and DKA was often caused by infection.Conclusions Infection may be involved in the onset and progress of childhood T1DM.Emergency treatment for DKA may involve the injection of small dose insulin,correction of the disorder of water and electrolysis and regulation of acid-base.

Protective effect of antioxidative ?-lipoic acid on kidneys in type 2 diabetic rats / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

There were significant increase in urine protein excretion,raised malondialdehyde(MDA) level and expressions of NF-?B,p22phox and p47phox in renal tissue,and significant decrease in reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase,vitamin C and E levels in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakisaki rats after 12 weeks. There was obvious histomorphologic change in the kidneys.All the above indices were improved by intraperitoneal injection of?-lipoic acid(35 mg/kg q.o.d).Besides,significant positive correlations were found of MDA level to p22phox,p47phox and NF-?B in the renal tissue,?-lipoic acid seems to protect the diabetic kidney in this diabetic rat model via antioxidative effects.